Prescription Drug Abuse free essay sample

Prescription drug abuse has become an epidemic in the United States especially among the youth of our country. The Partnership for a Drug Free America says that 2,500 teens a day abuse prescription drugs. Abuse of these narcotics can lead to serious mental and physical consequences. Why is this such a problem, what can we do to solve it, and how is it affecting our social lives? First we must explore what prescription drugs are being abused. The most popular abused drugs fall into three categories. Depressants of the central nervous system typically used to anxiety or sleep disorders. Stimulant used to treat such disorders as ADHD and ADD and the most commonly abused are opiates used to treat pain. Opiates attach to receptors in the brain to block pain when abused they create euphoric feeling. When taken properly they are used to treat many different types of pain including pain in teeth, skeletal system, skin, internal organs of the body. We will write a custom essay sample on Prescription Drug Abuse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When used in high doses opiates can also relieve pain cause with certain types of cancer. The most commonly abused opiates are Hydrocodone, Oxycotin, Fentanyl, and Morphine. These substances are taken snorted, smoked and sometimes even injected to give a high close to heroine. Heroine is made from the opiate plant so these pain killers are basically synthetic heroine. Fentanyl happens to be 600 times more powerful then heroine. By the end of the 19th century nearly one million Americans were addicted to opiates (Drugs and Society p. 250). In 1914 when the Harrison Narcotic Act was passed the average opiate addict was a middle age, southern, white woman who functioned well and was adjusted to her role as a wife and a mother. She bought Opium or Morphine legally by mail order from Sears and Roebuck or at the local store, used it orally and caused very few problems. A number of physicians were addicted as well. One of the best known Morphine addicts was William Holsted a founder of the John Hopkins Medical School (drugs and society p254- 255). Continues use of the drugs can lead to high tolerance and addiction. One of the worst physical side effects of opiate addiction has to be withdrawals. After extended use of the opiates your body becomes physically dependant on the drugs and stopping the use of the drug or not taking anything leads to physical withdrawals symptoms include sweats, painful stomach cramps associated with diarrhea, nausea, insomnia, headaches, muscle aches, flu like symptoms, runny nose, restlessness and sometimes seizures. Most of these symptoms are not deadly but make the person extremely uncomfortable. This is what makes people want to pick up and use again. Abuse of prescription drugs can help a person feel as they are escaping from reality. Problems in your social, work or love life, stress and loneliness can lead to self medicating for therapeutic reasons. This addiction does not single anyone out everyone can be at risk for this. Many of the people I know who are addicted to opiates were prescribed them and became addicted. When the prescriptions were no longer getting filled these people began buying the drugs on the street and eventually because of the high price of the pills unfortunately they then look to heroine for a cheaper, similar high. It is rather unfortunate that I have such a close experience with this as I was once highly addicted my self. I saw my life begin to spiral downward before mine and my family’s eyes. It started with a serious surgery that an ex boyfriend had. I had Experimenting with drugs in high school as many of us have. When he asked if I wanted some of his pain meds I thought why not? I figured it was like smoking weed or drinking how wrong I had been. I loved how careless I felt and how nothing seemed to matter when I was on these drugs. My addiction began slowly short on money but still working and functioning. I stopped showing up for work because I was either to messed up too go or could not get a fix and would be sick. After losing a good job that I had worked hard at for almost 5 years I began a tragic downward spiral that happened faster than anyone could have ever imagined. I began disappearing for days at a time leaving my parents sick with worry. Nothing else mattered but the high I became emotionless and numb. Unfortunately what happened was tragic but has made me the person I am today. I personally feel that I would have never become addicted to these substances if I had been better educated. I had experimented with drugs as a young adult but nothing had grabbed me and took my life as these painkillers had. Had I known what I was getting my self into I know I would have never let this happen. I am fortunate I was able to walk away from my addiction with some pride as I learned in my recovery not to many people have been that lucky. I had never been in trouble and thankfully had not hurt anyone to terrible to be left all alone. I have a good amount of clean time but continue in my recovery I attend meetings weekly and keep in my mind the sad statistics and reality of what can happen to recovering addicts. This is something that I will struggle with probably for the rest of my life. Although I am no longer an addict I am still a recovering addict and as the Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous books say every day clean is one day closer to using. That is just my personal experience with prescription drug abuse. In an article retrieved through EBSCO host about pharmacists who abuse prescription drugs found ties between the abuse and professional malfeasance such as employee theft, violations of ascribed professional responsibility, diminished patient care due to impairment and host of other ethical considerations. These conditions do not readily apply to a non pharmacist use of prescription drugs, nor does it apply to a pharmacist’s use of street drugs, alcohol, or other mind altering substances (Social Factors Associated with Pharmacists Unauthorized Use of Mind-Altering Prescription Drugs p2 paragraph 3). How ever I think that this relates to anyone using prescription drugs trying to maintain a professional job. People who are addicted to prescription drugs tend to be irritable especially when coming down off the pills. This can lead to problems with family, loss of relationships and friends due to a poor attitude. Some other mental symptoms include depression, rage, constant fatigue, anxiety, lack of concentration, and psychosis. Addiction can also affect your morals. People who would never steal before find themselves stealing from people they love even to get money or possibly taking pain pills from someone else who could possibly be in great deal of pain and need those pills. When you are addicted to a substance especially one that your body is physically dependant on you tend to plan your whole day around your addiction. Everything in your life will begin to revolve around the drug. This can affect your job and social life. You show up late to work or miss days because of constant fatigue or staying up late or being sick from not having the drug. You stop paying your bills to support your ever growing drug habit. You begin to loose interest in the people places and things you once loved the drug becomes your whole life. Why is this a problem in our country? I feel a lot of this has to do with drug education in this country. We use a program called D. A. R. E (drug abuse resistance education) in which 5th grade students are taught by a police officer about drugs. I don’t know too many 5th graders who are into drugs or exposed to them or even curious at that age. A young member of cocaine anonymous can barely recall his formal drug education he calls the police officer some what of a â€Å"Dudley-Do-Right† who made several visits to his school warning of the dangers posed but illicit substances although he agrees at that age drugs were best avoided he recalls no further lesson and by his late teens was addicted to crack cocaine and methamphetamine (In America Lessons Learned p 1 paragraph 1). Most attempts to reduce drug demand in America are aimed at 11-14 year olds. Children need to begin there drug education at this age and needs to continue on to young adulthood when the pressure to use drugs are around. Also I think that real addicts need to come in and talk to the students. Not just your average junkie on the street but the functioning addicted who works a job and some what keeps their life together minus drug addiction. They need people who have worked the system and beat their addiction to tell the horror stories of what happened to them first before they realized they needed and wanted help. In a research experiment on peer vs. adult led drug education familiar trainers had been received as slightly more effective score then unfamiliar trainers. Our youth needs to know the dangers of using drug especially prescription drugs. As a recovering addict I struggle with the issues that I feel led to my addiction. When I asked myself what I knew about the drugs before I started taking them that if I had known what I was taking, that these pills were extremely physically and mentally addicting. Figuring the pills were safe and it was a harmless buzz because doctors prescribe it to people on a daily basis. Had I known the dangers I would have never let them as comfortably into my life as I had. I never would have thought that by 22 years old I would be a recovering addict trying to plan a life around meetings and treatments vital to recovery. Prescription drug abuse is a major problem in our country its physical and mental affects can be extremely damaging to the person using them. I think with better education on drugs this is a problem that could be solved. References The Loss of Michael Jackson: an Important Time to Talk to Your Kids about Rx Abuse (N. D. ) Retrieved November 11, 2009 from www. DrugFree. Org Hanson, G. Venturelli, P. and Fleckenstein, A (2006). Drugs and Society, Ninth Edition. Sudbury, MA: JB Publishers In America, lessons learned (2009 March 7) Economist. Retrieved November 11 2009 from academic premier data base. Hollinger, R. Dabney, D. (2002). Social Factors Associated with Pharmacists Unauthorized use of Mind Altering Prescription Medications. Journal of Drug Issues Retrieved August 1 2009 from academic premier data base St. Pierre, T. , Kaltreider, D. (1997). Strategies for involving parents of high-risk youth in drug prevention: A three-year longitudinal study in boys girls clubs. Journal of Community Psychology,  25(5), 473-485. Retrieved November 11 2009 from academic premier data base

Rhetorical Devices That Will Take Your Writing from Bland to Breathtaking

Rhetorical Devices That Will Take Your Writing from Bland to Breathtaking Rhetorical devices are powerful modes of expression that writers and speakers can utilize to craft effective and persuasive pieces. Different rhetorical devices can evoke different responses, emotions, and ideas. Rhetorical devices help the audiences of writings or speeches connect with the authors and the content of what is being communicated.They are powerful in that they can be used both responsibly and irresponsibly. Because rhetorical devices have these persuasive effects, they can be used to enhance good content or conceal fallacious or poorly researched arguments. For this reason, it is important to maintain a good working knowledge of rhetorical devices. This way, in roles as either an author or an audience member, you can distinguish between responsible and irresponsible uses of rhetorical devices. Additionally, being able to evaluate the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of an authors use of rhetorical devices is a useful ability to have in any readers toolbox for critiquing others writing.The difference between rhetorical devices and figures of speechRhetorical devices are different from figures of speech in that they are primarily used to influence the audience and emphasize ideas already present in what is being communicated. Figures of speech, on the other hand, alter the meaning of the content or can contain different or additional meaning than the literal interpretation of the utterance may contain.Metaphors are an archetypal form of figures of speech. Take, for example, the metaphor that person is a beast. This utterance would not typically be understood by a listener or reader to literally infer that the person is an animal, as beast refers to non-human animals. The internal logic of the statement would be compromised if we were to assume that it implies the object of the utterance is both human, as is implied by person, and non-human, as is implied by beast. Instead, the audience typically understands that the utterance is not meant to be inte rpreted literally. The statement can be understood to imply a number of things: the person is cruel, or the person is powerful, or the person is ignorant, et cetera.Rhetorical devices, on the other hand, do not contain extra meaning or further implications. Rhetorical devices work on how the audience receives the information being presented to them. If used effectively, rhetorical devices can sway the audience towards the authors perspective. A good example of this persuasive power is one of the most basic rhetorical devices that exist: pathos.Suppose that someone is making an argument for why people should be provided with free healthcare. Take, as an example in this argument, the statement, The boy cried every night because he knew that his mother could no longer afford the medicine that was keeping her alive. In this instance, the rhetorical device is not altering the meaning or adding information to the utterance, like a figure of speech would.The rhetorical device of pathos, or an appeal to the audiences emotions, is drawing the audiences attention to the emotional component of their idea and its impact on the lives of other people. There are not additional ways for the audience to interpret this statement; the statement is meant to be taken literally. It is a fact that the boy cried, and it is a fact that the boys mother cannot afford to buy her medication. By combining these two facts in this manner, the author employs pathos in order to appeal to the audience with the hope that this will sway their opinions towards those of the author.The boy cried every night because he knew that his mother could no longer afford the medicine that was keeping her alive is an example of the rhetoical device of pathos. Photo by Kat J on Unsplash.The fundamental rhetorical devices- Ethos, Pathos, Logos, and KairosWhile there are dozens of various rhetorical devices, we will focus in on the four fundamental uses of rhetoric. Mastering these can give any piece of communica tion you produce a persuasive and personal element that will engage your audience with interesting and memorable content.EthosEthos is the Greek word for character. The rhetorical device of ethos is intended to draw the audiences attention towards the authors trustworthiness, credibility, and/or expertise. This rhetorical device typically takes one of two forms: either an appeal to credibility or an appeal to character. A rhetorical appeal to character may consist of the author referencing their good deeds or decisions that would show their high moral caliber. A rhetorical appeal to credibility may take the form of making known the authors relevant experience and knowledge.PathosPathos is the Greek word for experience. This rhetorical device takes into account the audiences ideals and perceptions. Pathos draws attention to a disparity between what the audience expects or wants of the situation and the reality of the situation. It works to engage the empathy of the audience in an eff ort to show them that what the author is arguing for will bring about the world-situation that they view as ideal.LogosLogos is the Greek word for word. Logos turns the audiences attention towards the logical structure of and evidence provided by the content of the communication. This rhetorical device focuses on making the internal logic of the communication valid. It may consist of statements that make sense in the context of the overall message and that utilize factual evidence to support its claims.KairosKairos is the Greek word for opportunity. This rhetorical device takes into consideration the outside historical and situational context of how a message is presented. To utilize kairos, one must have an extensive knowledge about the audience and the attitudes they hold. Advertisements are often good examples of the use of kairos, as many of them exploit the popularity of contemporary trends in order to communicate their message.Using rhetorical devices responsibly versus using rhetorical devices irresponsiblyThe goal of using rhetorical devices is to make our writing or speech more engaging, persuasive, and memorable. A problem can arise, however, if we do not use these devices properly or responsibly. At times, it can be rather easy for an audience to see through the rhetorical device if it is not being used earnestly or if the content lying behind the rhetoric is not logically consistent. In these cases, the curtain drops, and what could have added a nice flourish to the piece ends up alienating the audience.It is important to acknowledge and understand the moral component of using rhetorical devices. As such, we must keep in mind that there is a responsibility inherent in their use. Of course, not all irresponsible uses of rhetorical devices have malevolent origins or consequences. It is easy, also, for the use of rhetorical devices to slip into the realm of logical fallacies. This can happen intentionally or unintentionally, but either way, it is impo rtant to be able to identify this occurrence in our own and others communications. A good example of this phenomenon is the rhetorical use of ethos.If used correctly, it can imbue the audience with a sense of trust in the author, which can greatly help in convincing the audience of the authors aims. An expert witness testifying before a jury during a trial is a good example of this. The experience and knowledge that the expert has gained from their education and professional training make them more qualified than others to speak about certain subjects. The jury is expected to trust the experts opinions on the grounds that they know more about the subject.An expert witness testifying before a jury during a trial is a good example of the rhetorical device of ethos. Photo by Wesley Tingey on Unsplash.Or similarly, one may say, My experience as a teacher has proven to me that students are more likely to achieve success when they are personally invested in their own education. In this ca se, the personal experience of the speaker is given as the evidence that they have a particular expertise in the subject at hand; and while their opinion is not immune to criticism, it should be considered as more likely to be accurate than a non-experts opinion.If used incorrectly, it can backfire and lead to the audience being less likely to be persuaded by the author. Take, for example, the classic four out of five dentists recommend this toothpaste advertising clichà ©. This may seem like a legitimate use of ethos, and under certain circumstances, it can be. However, if we evaluate the advertisement in itself, the author (the creator/s of the advertisement) is falling prey to the logical fallacy of appeal to authority, or argument from authority. This logical fallacy occurs when an argument is supported primarily by the assertion that an authority figure endorses the argument rather than basing the argument on the logical presentation of factual evidence.In our toothpaste examp le, we are not given any factual evidence for why this toothpaste is better than others; we are simply told that authority figures endorse it, and so we should too. So, it is first and foremost important to have a logically formulated argument based on true evidence before we ever begin to think about incorporating rhetorical devices.

Marketing management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing management - Case Study Example This product will offer an opportunity for people to be able to share the ice cream with dogs. Strategy The main strategy is to ensure that the ice cream is available in the market at ease. This will create customer loyalty towards the product. In addition, diversification of the product will reduce risks that might affect one product. It will also help to attract different customers who have different tastes of products. Another strategy is ensuring that the product satisfy the expectations of the customers. This will enable the product to remain competitive in the market. Tactics In order to get adequate profits from the market, the marketer will be expected to use different sales persons in order to reach customers from various regions. In addition, the cream will merge with ++++ ice cream parlour in the Bullring. This tactic will reduce the cost of distributing the cream. Once the product penetrates the market, it will become easier for the producer to distribute the product on i ts own. This tactic will also be able to reduce the price of the commodity in the market. This is because merging will help in lowering the breakeven price of the commodity therefore, creating a larger profit margin. Lower price of the product will therefore; attract customers who will be willing to test the product. Intense advertisement will also be a tactic that will play a major role in ensuring that the product penetrates the market. ... According to the data collected, the best way to segment the market the market is through the use of age and gender. In Birmingham city, women purchase dog food more than their men counterparts. As a result, they are to be the main target customers. Women are also associated with high consumption of chocolates. This behaviour will make these chocolates have an upper hand in the market as they can serve two purposes. Market can also be segmented through age. Old people mainly look for companionship from dogs. As a result, targeting these people to be potential buyers will be an important aspect that would increase the overall profits. This will be achieved through producing creams that are fit for old people i.e. not so sugary. In addition, advertisement of these creams should be targeting the old people. Location of the people is another tool to be used in segmenting the market. This involves pricing of the product according to geographical location and the level of competition in th at region. Customers who are near the source of the product will have an opportunity to purchase the product at a lower cost as the cost of distributing the product is low. In addition, market that is saturated with competitors will require price segmentation in order to attract customers to purchase the product. Use of price as a tool of segmentation should be well calculated. This is because many customers especially in Birmingham believe that cheap products are of low quality. Another method that will be used to segment the market is through product differentiation. This involves branding the products to make them unique. This will be important as the customers will be able to identify the product

Research proposal nursing Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nursing - Research Proposal Example For ischemia of soft tissue to come about, the pressure in the external part of the body must exceed the pressure in the capillaries so as to obstruct the flow of blood. The minimum pressure for which the capillaries would close is about 32mmHg. Despite the fact, that high pressure interface is a factor that is pertinent; the duration of time that is on promoting skin integrity would also play a significant part. In most cases, duration of monetary awards is by the period of time taken to promote skin integrity. A study that was done by Bain and Ferguson-Pell in 2002 explained that high pressure for a short length of time and low pressure for a longer length of time would lead to damage of the pressure. A number of studies advanced in this field have attempted to explain whether the duration of skin integrity could be a possible risk factor for a monetary award to CNAs/GNAs. Some studies like those for Guy 2004, Nasolpel 2004, Schoonhaven and Defloor 2002, Lewicki 2007, Morrison 2001 , Amonovitch 2006, Stevens 2004, and Schoonhaven 2002 studied the duration of skin integrity and concluded that it was not an exclusive factor for a monetary award to CNAs/GNAs (Guy, 2004). Vanderwee and Gunningberg in 2007, involved 500 Participants in a study. The study assessed variables like duration of surgery and co morbidities. This author utilized an analysis tool which identified the likelihood of various variables, which may affect the monetary award to CNAs/GNAs development. ... 2004, Schoonhaven and Defloor 2002, Lewicki 2007, Morrison 2001, Amonovitch 2006, Stevens 2004, and Schoonhaven 2002 studied the duration of skin integrity and concluded that it was not an exclusive factor for a monetary award to CNAs/GNAs (Guy, 2004). Vanderwee and Gunningberg in 2007, involved 500 Participants in a study. The study assessed variables like duration of surgery and co morbidities. This author utilized an analysis tool which identified the likelihood of various variables, which may affect the monetary award to CNAs/GNAs development. The Participants' mean age was forty seven years, with the age range of the Participants being 13- 86 years. The recorded duration of skin integrity promotion was lower by 228.7% of the subjects, 29.9% of the Participants, 26% of the sample. The author performed a postoperative assessment and the other performed a preoperative assessment. Of all the cases that were assessed the only predictor of monetary award to CNAs/GNAs was the skin inte grity promoter. The author concluded that skin integrity is with a monetary award to CNAs/GNAs development. However, other studies in this topic do not confirm the association of skin integrity and monetary award to CNAs/GNAs. For instance a study made by Vanderwee and Gunningberg in 2007on 100 Participants, where by a number of pressures ulcer risk factors were assessed. The average age of the participants was 50 years and the age range of the Participants was between 30- 80. After strict assessment of the Participants, the author did not discover any cases of monetary award to CNAs/GNAs action. The author, therefore, concluded that the skin integrity is not an exclusive risk factor for a monetary award to CNAs/GNAs development (Guy, 2004). Description of design Research Approach My study

Annual Day Essay Example for Free

Annual Day Essay Field trips: Post office, Super market, Traffic Signal, Fire station, Horse stable, Plant nursery, etc. Goals: The goal of MapleBear schools is to establish an enthusiasm for learning and knowledge in young children that will serve as a foundation for future success in the education system and in life. In development of the MapleBear program, we have drawn on the best practices in early childhood teaching and learning. MapleBear recognizes that literacy in English is absolutely fundamental to a childs success in English medium schools. The MapleBear Methodology is based on the well established principle that children learn through experience and exploration. The program reinforces and builds on this positive attitude by offering varied stimulating and enjoyable experiences. The knowledge and skills that children acquire by the end of kindergarten, along with positive attitudes to learning that children develop in these early years form the basis of effective learning in later years of school. Aim: This year our aim is Accelerate Success. We have had a very strong growth year in 2010 and we are continuing to build momentum as we enter 2011. Our vertical segment focus is our children’s key elements en route to their success, Success as your child defines it. Our strategy is working, towards the need of our children resulting in their overall development . Our Facilitators will have a number of opportunities to learn more about our well proven curriculum and its execution. We will share with you our roadmaps, which will allow you to interact, involve and participate as parents. In the past year, we have achieved our mile stones and are setting much more aggressive mile stones for this year. We are open for ideas, suggestions feedback from you. We want to Initiate, Analyze and Implement. To do this, we need Innovation, freshness. Please partner with us in this journey to Accelerate your child’s Success.

Cultures And Values In Human Society

Cultures And Values In Human Society Culture is the essential part of the humans society. Every person is spending his or her life within a certain cultural community. It frequently defines what kinds of person a man or woman is and what values will they have. Does the cultural environment have a direct effect on the values within a community for anthropology, psychology and sociology? Let us discuss this topic step by step. To understand it better, we can at first define what the cultural environment is and what influence it has on people within it. The very nature of the cultural environment is cultural and social aspects. It is could also be called a social context and sometimes milieu. It is a culture of a society or a group where a certain person is living or getting an education; it is institutions and people who interact with a certain human. By interaction we can mean not only different types of personal communication (like on a workplace, in class, with neighbors etc.); people could also communicate with each other by means of different communicational media (like phone, internet, newspapers, television etc). In spite of non personal type of the communication, people whom a man or a woman meets in internet can have an influence on his or her values and point of view. Also television and other mass media form our perception of life and other people little by little. This type of interaction we c an call one way or anonymous. It does not always imply the equality of the social status. Thus, the concept of a social environment is wider that the concept of a social circle or a social class. Nevertheless, it is common that those people who have the same social environment start having a sense of solidarity. They easily help and trust each other; also they tend to create a social group. As a result, those people will always have a similar way of thinking and similar patterns even if they make different conclusions. It shows us that people depend on society and culture around them very much whether they recognize this fact or not. Let us briefly define what culture itself is. It is going to help us understand what kind of effect it has on the values within a community for anthropology, psychology and sociology. There is plenty of information about culture and different consequences of it. It is impossible to transmit a culture through genealogy. Culture is not something innate; culture is something that everybody should learn. Different facets of it are interrelated; a culture is spread by those people within a group. Nowadays different cultures could easily exist within a country side by side (like it commonly happens in African countries). According to Hoebel (1960), the definition of a culture is following: The integrated sum total of learned behavioral traits that are manifest and shared by members of society. According Lawton (1975), culture includes age grading, religious rituals and athletic sport. According to Frow (1995) there are traditional differences in task and doing business were breaking down and this meant that standardization rather than adaptation is becoming increasingly prevalent. Probably, a culture is one of the most significant environmental variables that should be considered within a global marketing. Often a culture could not be freely overlooked; it often hiding from a view. Culture consists of some elements; they are language, aesthetics, religion, values and attitudes, education, social organization and material culture. It is necessary to discuss briefly every element of it. Material culture includes communications, power, transportations and others. Language is the next aspect of culture. It is a reflection of the values and nature of a certain society group. It could be sub-cultural languages, for example, dialects; in some countries it could be two or even more languages. Aesthetics includes art, dancing, arts-music. It concerns good taste, beauty, form and color of it. Education, as it is easy to see, includes the transmission of ideas, attitudes, skills and training in certain disciplines as well. Moreover, education serves as a transmitter of cultural and social values. Sometimes a child was introduced to the cultural value by school or later by university. Religion gives the humans behavior the best insight and as well it helps us to answer different questions, for example, why people behave n this way and not in another. We can see that culture is a complicate conception; it includes different aspects. What can we say about values conception? What is commonly meant by values? Shortly, by values a person may mean something that is really matter to him or her. It is beliefs and ideas somebody holds as special. Social and cultural environment forms ones values. Home, church school there are just some places where people could study values that are common for everybody within their cultural environment. Teachers, friends, parents are forming our personal system of values from day to day. As a result we have personal values. Arts et al. (2003) summarized that they consist of something that we accepted from people around as and that part that came with our own life experience. It is too compulsory to accept everything a person is hearing around him or her; nevertheless, values of cultural environment around us has its strong influence on our own system of values. Now, when we recognize what values, culture and cultural environment commonly mean we can examine the direct effect that the cultural environment has on the values within a community for anthropology, psychology and sociology. Before discussing the influence of a cultural environment on a person according to anthropology let us briefly mention the definition of the science. Saying shortly anthropology is the inquiry of humanity. Its origins throw back in the social sciences, natural science and humanities. The term itself is taken from the ancient Greek language and has two parts: man and study or discourse. The matters of anthropology are how do people behave, what are their physical traits, why we can see differences and variations between groups of people, and finally who was the ancestor of the modern humans. Anthropology is commonly divided in to four fields; they are cultural, or social, anthropology, linguistic anthropology, archaeology and biological, or physical, anthropology. We can see that anthropology itself is the science that studies social and cultural values, differences, origins, roots etc. Thus, it is important to talk about the influence of culture environment according to this certain science. According to anthropology, a culture could be seated deeply; unprepared person could take some type of a culture like something senseless, strange and even cruel. Let us give an example. According to the Muslim culture a woman must cover her face with yashmak and hide herself from any alien. Nilaweera Wijetunga (2005) emphasized that this custom could appear strange and senseless to any person from Europe, United States or numeral other countries where people flaunt a womans form openly. Here is another example of the opposite culture. In some African countries (like Congo, Kenya etc) women do not wear top cloths. Oyeshile (2004) explained this fact that according to their culture, their traditions and according to their hot climate they do not consider the top of the female body something that they should cover or hide. There are many other different examples of things and customs that are unacceptable and even criminal in one part of the world; at the same time at another part of it people consider it the culture and commonly do it. Summarizing this short extract we can see that cultural environment have a direct effect on the values within a community for anthropology. Continue the two examples above, a woman from the African country where there is not common or compulsory to cover her body with upper wear have values that are different from the values that are precious for a woman from a Muslim country. If those women could try to explain themselves their culture, values and reasons why they are keeping those culture values they would hardly understand each other. It is common that Muslim people condemn women from Europe and America. For them even the most modest and restrained American female seems to be a woman without culture values because she shows certain part of her body What can we say about the influence of the social environment on personal values for psychology? What is psychology? It is the science of the humans behavior and mind. This science is an attempt to understand humanity by exploring certain specific cases and by discovering some general principles as well. One of the main goals of psychology is to benefit the society. Scientists who involved in it we can divide in to some groups: cognitive scientists, social scientists and behavioral scientists. Among others, social behavior is among different subjects of psychology. The science of psychology explores following concepts: emotion, cognition, phenomenology, perception, attention, brain functioning, behavior, motivation, personality, unconscious mind and interpersonal relationships. As anthropology, the science of psychology is a social science and it has a strong connection with social environment. According to psychology, some type of behavior could be considered normal and other type c ould be considered abnormal. Commonly, humanity has the same nature. For example, murdering and cruelty is considered abnormal in every social group and community. Nevertheless, within some cultures the conception of cruelty may vary. Let us give an example. In American and European countries violation in any form is unacceptable even within a family. Thus people who keep doing it to others would consider psychologically abnormal. According to the culture of some eastern countries, especially countries with Muslim culture, a husband can beat his wife or punish her or in any other way if she does not satisfy him. What kind of misdeed could a wife do? She may cook a food that her husband does not like; she may say a word that her husband could consider unacceptable. People within the community with such culture are considered psychologically normal even if they commit violence every day. According to their culture cruelty is acceptable. A woman is expecting for it and she has no even right to complain. According to the example above we can see that psychological situation within a community could have a strong negative effect on personal values of a human. A person can look at low values of members of the community around him or her and subconsciously this person could understate those values that he or she had before. Psychologically people inclined to depend on society. That is why we can state that the cultural environment have a direct effect on the values within a community for psychology. Sociology is the last science that we are going to discuss. It studies the society using different methods of critical analysis and empirical investigations. This science refines and develops knowledge about the activity of human society. One of the aims of sociology is to achieve the social welfare with the mean of the knowledge. Mancheno-Smoak et al. (2009) stated that the field of interests in sociology varies from the micro level of interaction and agency to the macro level of social structures and systems. It is a very broad conception that is focused traditionally on social class, religion, social stratification, social mobility, secularization, deviance and law. It includes all spheres of peoples activity. It is interesting that sociology studies different types of interactions between people. We are living in the age of the world wide globalization when the whole planet is becoming one big house. Different cultural and social communities are not staying separate from each oth er like it was some hundreds years ago. People are moving, migrating and spreading their culture and different values among other societies. Why can we state that according to sociology, the cultural environment have a direct effect on the values within a community? First reason is that people like to communicate with each other. It means that they getting some new knowledge and values. Roniger (1995) declared that when representatives of different cultures are staying in contact for some time they will get used to new values. It will stop being new for them. New cultural values will become common and according to sociology people will start accepting it in their lives. In some time they would not remember that one or another culture or value was not imparted to them. And it is the second reason why the cultural environment has an effect on values of people for sociology. In other words, when people move from one place to another they create a new social group with mixed culture and values. In conclusion of all factors and aspects that we discussed above we can see that anthropology, sociology and psychology are connected between each other. These three sciences are all about the human nature, culture and community. They are examining interactions and cooperation between different people; we can state that the cultural environment have a direct effect on the values within a community for anthropology, psychology and sociology because according to these sciences it is up to peoples nature to take something new from others. According to religion, human society was created as one big family. Let us agree that this statement is right; thus, we need to accept that people within a social community have a direct effect on each other in the same way in which members within an ordinary family have. Every science that we discussed has one main aim to make our society better. We need to remember that it is up to everybody to help in achievement of this aim.

American Agricultural Family History

The Family in History as we would hear perhaps from old folks who are still living in some rural areas is a picture of husband and wife and kids living simply outside urban area. According to Arlene Skolnick, â€Å"throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, well over 90 percent of the American family lived in small rural communities† (Skolnick 79) and every one is busy as all members of the family work be it in the farm, or in a shop, or maybe in the home.In Skolnick’s comparative study of the families then and now, she only noticed slight difference and this is in terms of size of family members. She noted that a â€Å"typical house hold in the 1790 included about 5. 6 members compared to about 3. 5 today† (Skolnick 79). During this period, married women were usually home maker specially those who belong to middle class family, but poor married young women and widows worked in the factories. Mara Dunleavy noted that during the early 1800s adult female role include the responsibility to have children and to care for them.She also had to take care of the house under her husband’s supervision. Also, she is expected by her husband in farm or garden labor. The husband on the other hand is responsible for the financial needs of the family. During this period, most men had farm or were working as farm laborers or what ever skill that got them employed. The husbands were also responsible to support and defend his family, and are expected to be strong, independent and reliable. They were to work in the field and to market his farm product.The married women role of running the household and to care for children were indeed a full time job as it also includes cleaning the house, preparing and cooking the foods, bottling and canning the produce of the farm, and provides for all the need of the husband and the children as well. Children had also their own role. They were taught these roles at their young age particularly how to farm for the boys an d how they could provide for in their families in the future. Children were also sent to school and were taught the basic academic subject as higher education was available during this time.Girls on the other hand, were taught the household chores and some basic education, but higher educations were not available for women until 1837. Dunleavy pointed out that even when higher education were opened for women in 1837 but it only offered limited degree not enough to provide them career alternatives, rather they were taught how to be a good wives and mothers. Arlene Skolnick pointed out that â€Å"differences between the American family in colonial times and today are not at all stark; the similarities are striking† (Skolnick 79).But these similarities could maybe only apply in the social climate of both periods. Indeed there is a striking contrasts in the roles those men, women and children that they are now doing and the roles that family members had assumed during the colonia l times. How Have Things Change Skolnick noted that during the civil war period American attitudes toward the family had profoundly changed. The reason for this is the gradual transformation of America into an urban, industrial society during the early decade of the 19th century.Skolnick further noted that in 1820, â€Å"less than eight percent of the population lived in cities but by 1860 it rose to twenty percent and by 1900, that figure had doubled. But the benefit of industrialization did not immediately affect the structure of the family† (Skolnick 80) However, there was a decline in the size of the family though most of the social condition remained about the same. But the industrialization had a lasting effect on the family as the whole members don’t have to work as independent workers. Men can work in the offices and factories while wives concentrate in the house to take care of the children now going to school.Mara Dunleavy contends that during the twentieth c entury, women’s role gradually moved into male dominated labor force and the home became a meeting place mainly for the family to gather together. According to Clarence Roberts, during the industrial revolution period men worked too far from their home and were usually tucked away in offices or factories (Roberts). Men became the bread winner to a great extent of the family while women left in charge of the children and the home. Roberts pointed out that this was thought to have helped destroy the equalitarian position of women in the family.During this period too, Roberts noted that children could now help earn for their families as they could work in factories even with out the approval of their elders. Roberts further noted that home training and instruction was now replace by formal education in public school and work in the factories. Dunleavy pointed out in his article published on line entitled â€Å"How Changing Sex Roles Have Affected the Family Unity in the United Stated,† that during the World War II there was a large shortage of men. Because of this shortage, women took the vacancies as men were sent abroad to join the war.Women took active roles in the male dominated work traditionally. Since then, women’s roles broaden and some began making careers outside of their homes for themselves. Since then up to now, more changes had taken place although children still work but authorities see to it that it would not hinder their education, thus making work schedule only on Saturdays. How Have They Remained the Same? There is no doubt that everything about the family life had changed to a great extent. The traditional family had also changed and even affected by this change because of the women’s quest for equality with men.Many things reflect great changes in the family life since the 1800s. Perhaps the only thing that has not significantly change is the social climate which still features almost the same social condition. Ear ly premarital pregnancies, abortion, marrying age, premarital sex, and divorce were just some of the issues of the past that still ring in the present society. It was in this area that Arlene Skolnick noted that there was striking similarities between the families of the past and the families of the present. Why do you Think that something have Changed Over time?There were indeed some things that had changed over time in the lives of the families in history. One of these things is, with the rise of industrialization men went to urban cities to seek for work in factories or offices for their families. Their farm lives were suddenly left behind, and the duties of the wives had changed from equally working with men in the farm to just manage the home and to take care of their children. This change went over time that women found themselves already in the situation, before they realize their utter dependence on their husband.The reason for this is nothing else than economic. Men sees th e opportunity for economic advancement which their farm lives could hardly provide. Family relationships particularly extended families have changed over time as every one had the opportunity to work. The once conjugal work of the disappeared and was replace by men as bread winner of the family. Children too have had experienced changed over time as they were now income earners too. All these changes were hue mainly to the economic opportunity bought by the advent of industrialization and the men’s desire to improve their family lives.Work Cited Dunleavy, Mara. â€Å"How Changing Sex Roles Have Affected the Family Unit in the United States. † Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute. http://www. yale. edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1982/6/82. 06. 09. x. html Roberts, Clarence Jr. â€Å"The Changing Family: How Changes in the Family Reflect Social and Economic Changes in Society. † Yale-New Haven teachers Institute. Vol. 4, 2007 http://www. yale. edu/ynhti/curriculum/guides /1990/4/90. 04. 08. x. html Skolnick, Arlene. â€Å"The Paradox of Perfection†(given file)

Narrative Techniques Used by Fitzgerald Essay

Fitzgerald uses a variety of techniques throughout the novel to draw in the reader into the story, in Chapter 2 there is a lot of evidence of these techniques being used and the way Fitzgerald uses them in exploring the chapter, such as pathetic fallacy, symbolism, narrative technique and shock. Also, the theme that runs throughout the novel is contrasts of class in society, which is clearly shown to reader in the example of Wilson being manipulated and controlled Tom Buchanan’s ‘supercilious’ manner, this is shown by the action of which Tom attacked Myrtle, his mistress, at the end of the chapter. Fitzgerald uses pathetic fallacy at the very start of the chapter to portray the narrator’s mood and emotions at the time, such as ‘grey land’, ‘bleak dust’, ‘dimmed’, ‘paint less days’, ‘small foul river’ and ‘dismal scene’. Fitzgerald possibly uses this to reflect Nick’s mood in having to have lunch with Tom Buchanan who he clearly shows to the reader is dislike towards this character, or even indicating to the reader the unwanted meeting with Tom’s mistress, Myrtle Wilson. Fitzgerald perhaps uses this to interest the reader into questioning the reference to the weather and the setting at the start of the chapter in relation to Nick’s emotions and asks why does Nick feel so ‘grey’, ‘bleak’ and just generally gloomy and negative towards this event as an introduction to Chapter 2. Another technique Fitzgerald uses in Chapter 2 is symbolism; he uses the character, Doctor T.J. Eckleburg, to symbolise a respected person looking down at society, or even an object always present in some of the scenes throughout the novel, witnessing the events that occur; ‘the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg are blue and gigantic.’ His role isn’t an actual character in the story but more of an object, however, Fitzgerald must find his role relevant to mention Doctor Eckleburg in the book therefore indicating to the reader his importance in the novel. A different way in which Fitzgerald uses to tell the story in Chapter 2 is of how Fitzgerald tells the event of which Tom Buchanan hits Myrtle, it  generates shock and surprise to the reader, especially how Fitzgerald decides to tell of this event through the narrator Nick. ‘Making a short deft movement, Tom Buchanan broke her nose with his open hand.’ This sentence is structured as short because it describes a huge shocking action that is much of a unthinkable situation: a man abusing a woman. So Fitzgerald manipulates the surprising action by making impact on the sharpness of the short description of this, contrasting to Fitzgerald’s other descriptions to events and settings which he tells to the reader in great amounts of detail with poetic and romantic language, in order to contribute in creating a great impact of horror/tragedy felt by the reader of this event. A different narrative technique the author uses to tell the story in this chapter is that the narrator is drunk and attempts to remember his movements. However, Fitzgerald uses the fact of which Nick is intoxicated by manipulating the narration. For example, ‘†¦I was standing beside his bed and he was sitting up between the sheets clad in his underwear, with a great portfolio in his hands.’ This description is a quite unique way of narrating the story, even ending the chapter; however it makes Nick’s story more realistic and authentic by telling it in this way, the reader can clearly imagine Nick’s night in their head by how Fitzgerald decides to tell this event.

Contrast Ake And Dark Child

Autobiographies deal with many things in an individual’s life. One of the things that is very important to this type of book is the way the author’s culture has influenced his life. The way that they were raised during their childhood is also an important influence. In the autobiographies Dark Child and Ake, the authors talk about many things regarding their childhood. They both deal with topics including religion, family and education. Style is also something that is important to an autobiography. The two authors being discussed here have very different styles of writing. In Dark Child, the author, Camara Laye, speaks to the reader in a childlike sense. The book is easy to read and seems to be more about telling stories than anything else. In Ake, it is quite the contrary. The author, Wole Soyinka, is also telling stories, however, he is obviously showing off his writing abilities. He makes references to things not many people know, and very often does not explain what he is talking about. The two books both go in depth regarding their religion, traditions and beliefs. Both authors belonged to different religions and speak about it in different ways. In Dark Child, Laye comes right out and begins talking about his family’s belief. Within the first four pages of the book, he is already letting us know about one of the most important things he learned about his family when he was a young boy in French New Guinea: about his father’s snake. One time, Laye was playing with a snake, and his mother scolded him, telling him that he could be badly hurt. From then on, he told his mother every time he saw a snake. One day, he saw a snake going towards his father’s workshop. He immediately told his mother about the danger. This is when he learned about this special snake. His mother told him, â€Å" This snake, is your father’s guiding spirit.† Laye had no idea what to make of this snake. He was young and was not aware of the speci... Contrast Ake And Dark Child Free Essays on Compare/Contrast Ake And Dark Child Autobiographies deal with many things in an individual’s life. One of the things that is very important to this type of book is the way the author’s culture has influenced his life. The way that they were raised during their childhood is also an important influence. In the autobiographies Dark Child and Ake, the authors talk about many things regarding their childhood. They both deal with topics including religion, family and education. Style is also something that is important to an autobiography. The two authors being discussed here have very different styles of writing. In Dark Child, the author, Camara Laye, speaks to the reader in a childlike sense. The book is easy to read and seems to be more about telling stories than anything else. In Ake, it is quite the contrary. The author, Wole Soyinka, is also telling stories, however, he is obviously showing off his writing abilities. He makes references to things not many people know, and very often does not explain what he is talking about. The two books both go in depth regarding their religion, traditions and beliefs. Both authors belonged to different religions and speak about it in different ways. In Dark Child, Laye comes right out and begins talking about his family’s belief. Within the first four pages of the book, he is already letting us know about one of the most important things he learned about his family when he was a young boy in French New Guinea: about his father’s snake. One time, Laye was playing with a snake, and his mother scolded him, telling him that he could be badly hurt. From then on, he told his mother every time he saw a snake. One day, he saw a snake going towards his father’s workshop. He immediately told his mother about the danger. This is when he learned about this special snake. His mother told him, â€Å" This snake, is your father’s guiding spirit.† Laye had no idea what to make of this snake. He was young and was not aware of the speci...

The eNotes Blog Get Your Butt Out of ThatRut!

Get Your Butt Out of ThatRut! How is it possible to be too comfortable? Honestly, I don’t think you can put a ceiling on something like comfort. Being the mathematical, rational genius that I am (got an A in pre-algebra, guys), I have spent countless hours deducing a mathematical equation for this. Where:   x = number of snuggies in your possession   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   y = degree to which your house smells like  Ã‚   chocolate chip cookies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (quantified by number of cookies in oven)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   z = number of Full House reruns being played on Nickelodeon   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   🙂 = amount of sheer happiness 🙂 = x*y*z  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (example:   🙂=5*24*6   Ã‚   🙂=720 which means you’re winning at everything   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   everyone is jealous of you) Even though this seems completely logical, I gotta tell you†¦ I’m wrong. Because sometimes you can be too comfortable. And it has nothing to do with cookies or Stephanie Tanner’s witticisms (â€Å"†¦How rude†). It’s a strange thing. On the one hand, you have no energy or motivation to do the things you normally do. The very thought of it just makes you want to nap. On the other hand, you feel like you have millions of little energy particles literally trying to burst out of your skin but they have nowhere to go so they just kind of, you know, hang out and make you feel antsy (See Figure 1). Figure 1. You, my friend, are in a â€Å"rut.† Your daily routine bores you. You don’t really feel challenged or motivated. Your friends are great, but maybe that one little annoying thing your friend does has now transformed into the worst, most inexcusable thing in the world and the very sight of him/her makes you want to punch something. You go to the same places when you’re out at night. You’ve probably been eating the same thing for the past week or so because you don’t have the desire to brainstorm and peanut butter is just so versatile (put it on anything and everything). This overly comfortable feeling makes your own skin feel like the least comfortable thing possible. You definitely would like to jump out of it; honestly, no amount of snuggies can remedy this. In sum, your brain is asleep, but your soul wants to party. Friends, it’s time to rally. First things first, get up and dance it out. Put on some Michael Jackson and moonwalk out of that rut-hut. If you don’t like dancing, you can just wiggle a bit and flail your extremities around. Now we can start thinking about how to remedy this little problem. People often say that in these times, it’s helpful to step out of your comfort zone and do something new. And they say it because it’s true. There’s no reason to feel stuck- the only person making you feel stuck is yourself. There are SO many things you can do. Endless. Why limit yourself? Bet you didn’t even realize you were limiting yourself. But you were. So stop it. Seriously, stop it. There are so many things to be inspired and motivated by in this world, and they’re all around us. We lose sight of it incredibly easily, and I think that’s one of the main challenges we all face in life. Trying new things is a great way to get yourself excited about your life again, but it’s equally as important to try and see the world around you in new ways. Gaining new perspective will help you see all the reasons you have to feel lucky, blessed, appreciative, and pumped up about living the life you’re living, in the place you’re living it. I feel like I’m coming upon a rut in my own life. And I’ve decided I’m going to unleash a counter attack. A sneak attack. I’m a ninja. My goal for the next couple of months? I’m going to explore the city I live in. I’m going to live like a tourist. For me, my overly comfortable place has kept me from feeling the need to travel more than 10 minutes for anything. Sorry, friends who live more than 10 minutes away, it wasn’t you†¦ it was the rut. So, I’m about to challenge myself to see as much of this place as I can. I’m going to talk to strangers and eat foods I’ve never eaten at restaurants I’ve never been to. I’m going to pretend to analyze great works of art at beautiful museums and I’m going to hike up and fall down hills that remind me of the Sound of Music. Basically, I’m going to try tons of new things so I can maybe gain a new, fresh perspective about this place I’ve been sitting in for so long. Life should always be something that excites you. Don’t you forget that, either. Make it your mantra. Repeat it over and over again until it sticks. If it helps, you can imagine me saying it to you. I read somewhere that imagining something scary helps you remember things better, I think. So†¦ what will you do to wake yourself up? How will you challenge yourself? And if you’re still having trouble with this, just take a little creative advice from our old friend Harold and his best friend†¦the legendary purple crayon. He definitely knew what was up.

The importance of derived demand in B2B marketing Essay

The importance of derived demand in B2B marketing - Essay Example In terms of technology, the company has established the need of aligning the company with emerging technologies. Additionally, the company considers Loyalty of each client paramount and in doing this, looks for ways how to be loyal to customers. The report explores much on marketing strategies that helps organization to concentrate on the greatest opportunities to increase their earnings and attain a sustainable competitive advantage. Many companies adopt the need of having marketing strategies in running their businesses centered on shopper, consumer and retailer need. Due to stiff competition, the company has taken a lot of time to evaluate opportunities that would enhance success. The purpose of this has been to evaluate companies of the same nature and assemble them to offset the marketing program. The company has established that it is from consumer’s needs that their productivity is informed and achieves a notable growth. Introduction Business to Business popularly known as B2B is a commercial transaction that occurs between two businesses as in the example of a manufacturer and a wholesaler (Block & Block, 2005) . The term was coined with the main purpose being to differentiate between electronic communication that was taking place between businesses and consumers. The term has been used mostly to describe the business transactions that take place between two businesses in an online scenario. Therefore, B2B marketing mostly involves sending and receiving mails plus other activities that take place in the online environment. This report seeks to explore the concept of derived demand and B2B marketing. Objectives The main objectives of this paper are to find out how a company (SolidWorks in this case) that is involved in B2B marketing: 1. Estimates derived demands 2. Evaluates business segmentation opportunities 3. Develops a new channel strategy that is aligned to one business segment About SolidWorks SolidWorks is a software engineering (CAD softw ares) which mostly sold to mechanical engineers (Brennan, 2011). The company engages so much in marketing activities by use of links that lead people to their site where they have advertised their products. Derived Demand and B2B marketing Derived demand in marketing term can be defined as the requirement that comes up as a result of purchasing another product. This mostly occurs in cases where the consumer has bought the product with the main purpose being to use it for purposes of production (Bruhn, 2003). The main reason for this is that the purchase of these products is normally due to desire to have their final products. In the case of the software manufacturing company Solidworks, there are a number of ways in which it determines the derived demand in which it decides to respond. All the demand in B2B chain are as result demands that are made somewhere by the consumer. SolidWorks being a software development company relies on engineers who want to design either bridges, houses or other building designs that the consumer has demanded for (Christopher & Ballantyne, 2002). However, the value chain is still incomplete because the consumer sought the services of the mechanical engineer and the engineer sought the service of a software developer who in turn sought the service of the person who developed the programming language. The position that the company is in the chain of value addition determines the contact that it has with the consumer (Bernadson & Toole, 2007). The

Databases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Databases - Essay Example The construction of a relational database is built around the concepts of relations. This theory include relational algebra (which is a set of mathematical operators which operate on relations and produce relation results), relation variables, and relational comparison operators. A database suitability of a given kind of database, either object oriented or relational databases, depends on the requirements of the user. The anatomy of a relation consist of the body, which is the cardinality of the relation, attribute name and attribute values (Halpin & Morgan, 2010). The number of attributes is referred to as the degree of the relation, while the number of tuples is the cardinality. On the other hand, a set of attributes is the heading of the relation, and the set of tuples is the body of the relation. To manage a database and provide access to them, a database management system is used. Database management system is predominantly used in accepting commands provided by application prog rams and executing them on behalf of the user (Ritchie, 2002). This commands are written in database language of the database management system like SQL. Some of the responses include messages, results of queries, and completion of codes. Database management system normally operate as servers in order to support a wide variety of concurrent users. Application programs which run as clients for the set servers are its immediate users. These clients run on behalf of the end users. In transmission of this commands, communication protocol is required and also responses between servers and clients. When a client needs to submit information to the server, a connection must first be established between the client and the servers. This initiates a session. This session typically lasts until it’s terminated on an explicit request by the client. Relational databases have a wide range of application. Thus, this implies its importance in computing and data warehousing. Relational database s are important in disaster recovery planning. This is due to several reasons which are highlighted below; 1. Relational databases have an ease of maintenance. Once a backup plan is developed using its maintenance is of great importance. Systems developed with relational databases are easy to maintain. This is due to the fact that once a simple entry is edited, the whole database is updated (Ritchie, 2002). Also, data from other sources can be easily be incorporated into the existing database. This is simply by importing the data using the import function into the current database. This is instantaneous and the imported data is automatically updated into the database. This makes the database maintenance easy since new information is added with easy. 2. Relational databases have ease of access. This is the most important factor during planning, developing maintaining, testing and the actual process of recovery. The interrelationship that characterizes relational database systems make s the recovery availability online easy and instantaneous. In the case in which the database relationship has been established sensibly, important information can be reached from any terminal which has accessibility to the mainframe. This is if and only if the system is operational. Apart from assisting in disaster preparedness, relational database are needed since there use ensures that there are minimal; duplication of data in a given relational databa